Working alongside the machine
Human robot collaboration as it is actually experienced on a floor: safety, trust, workload and what happens to the operator's job.
12 works. Metadata and abstracts from OpenAlex, harvested 2026-08-23. We have not summarized, graded or characterized this research ourselves, and the abstracts below are the authors' own.
Survey on human-robot collaboration in industrial settings: Safety, intuitive interfaces and applications
Human-Robot Interaction
OBJECTIVE: The current status of human-robot interaction (HRI) is reviewed, and key current research challenges for the human factors community are described. BACKGROUND: Robots have evolved from continuous human-controlled master-slave servomechanisms for handling nuclear waste to a broad range of robots incorporating artificial intelligence for many applications and under human supervisory control. METHODS: This mini-review describes HRI developments in four application areas and what are the challenges for human factors research. RESULTS: In addition to a plethora of research papers, evidence of success is manifest in live demonstrations of robot capability under various forms of human control. CONCLUSIONS: HRI is a rapidly evolving field. Specialized robots under human teleoperation have proven successful in hazardous environments and medical application, as have specialized...
Human-Robot Collaboration in Manufacturing Applications: A Review
This paper provides an overview of collaborative robotics towards manufacturing applications. Over the last decade, the market has seen the introduction of a new category of robots, collaborative robots (or “cobots”), designed to physically interact with humans in a shared environment, without the typical barriers or protective cages used in traditional robotics systems. Their potential is undisputed, especially regarding their flexible ability to make simple, quick, and cheap layout changes; however, it is necessary to have adequate knowledge of their correct uses and characteristics to obtain the advantages of this form of robotics, which can be a barrier for industry uptake. The paper starts with an introduction of human-robot collaboration, presenting the related standards and modes of operation. An extensive literature review of works published in this area is undertaken, with...
Working Together: A Review on Safe Human-Robot Collaboration in Industrial Environments
After many years of rigid conventional procedures of production, industrial manufacturing is going through a process of change toward flexible and intelligent manufacturing, the so-called Industry 4.0. In this paper, human-robot collaboration has an important role in smart factories since it contributes to the achievement of higher productivity and greater efficiency. However, this evolution means breaking with the established safety procedures as the separation of workspaces between robot and human is removed. These changes are reflected in safety standards related to industrial robotics since the last decade, and have led to the development of a wide field of research focusing on the prevention of human-robot impacts and/or the minimization of related risks or their consequences. This paper presents a review of the main safety systems that have been proposed and applied in industrial...
Collaborative manufacturing with physical human-robot interaction
A Survey of Robot Learning Strategies for Human-Robot Collaboration in Industrial Settings
Admittance-Based Controller Design for Physical Human-Robot Interaction in the Constrained Task Space
In this article, an admittance-based controller for physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) is presented to perform the coordinated operation in the constrained task space. An admittance model and a soft saturation function are employed to generate a differentiable reference trajectory to ensure that the end-effector motion of the manipulator complies with the human operation and avoids collision with surroundings. Then, an adaptive neural network (NN) controller involving integral barrier Lyapunov function (IBLF) is designed to deal with tracking issues. Meanwhile, the controller can guarantee the end-effector of the manipulator limited in the constrained task space. A learning method based on the radial basis function NN (RBFNN) is involved in controller design to compensate for the dynamic uncertainties and improve tracking performance. The IBLF method is provided to prevent...
Safety bounds in human robot interaction: A survey
Proactive human-robot collaboration: Mutual-cognitive, predictable, and self-organising perspectives
Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) has a pivotal role in smart manufacturing for strict requirements of human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. However, existing HRC development mainly undertakes either a human-dominant or robot-dominant manner, where human and robotic agents reactively perform operations by following pre-defined instructions, thus far from an efficient integration of robotic automation and human cognition. The stiff human-robot relations fail to be qualified for complex manufacturing tasks and cannot ease the physical and psychological load of human operators. In response to these realistic needs, this paper presents our arguments on the obvious trend, concept, systematic architecture, and enabling technologies of Proactive HRC, serving as a prospective vision and research topic for future work in the human-centric smart manufacturing era. Human-robot symbiotic...
AR-based interaction for human-robot collaborative manufacturing
Industrial standards define safety requirements for Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) in industrial manufacturing. The standards particularly require real-time monitoring and securing of the minimum protective distance between a robot and an operator. This paper proposes a depth-sensor based model for workspace monitoring and an interactive Augmented Reality (AR) User Interface (UI) for safe HRC. The AR UI is implemented on two different hardware: a projector-mirror setup and a wearable AR gear (HoloLens). The workspace model and UIs are evaluated in a realistic diesel engine assembly task. The AR-based interactive UIs provide 21-24% and 57-64% reduction in the task completion and robot idle time, respectively, as compared to a baseline without interaction and workspace sharing. However, user experience assessment reveal that HoloLens based AR is not yet suitable for industrial...
Human-robot collaboration in industrial environments: A literature review on non-destructive disassembly
Nowadays, numerous companies and industries introduce recycling processes in their production, aiming to increase the sustainable use of the planet’s natural resources. Nevertheless, these processes remain inefficient due to the high degree of complexity and variation in the products. In order to remedy this, industry stakeholders adopt the circular economy business model and introduce take-back programmes and remanufacturing processes for their End of Life products in their own supply chains. Take-back programmes enable the re-sourcing of sub-assemblies and components of previously manufactured products while remanufacturing processes encourage non-destructive disassembly. Due to the uncertain conditions of the re-sourced products, fully automated cells cannot cope with the demanding disassembly processes. Therefore, there is a need to establish hybrid disassembly robot cells where...
Design of a virtual reality training system for human-robot collaboration in manufacturing tasks
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